Many Asian countries have collectivist cultures, wherein aggression is generally accepted by society if it is used to protect the family honor. The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri of the Mughal Empire (descended from the Mongol Empire) mandated a common set of punishments for homosexuality, which could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim, whereas the Yuan Dynasty (descended from the Mongol Empire) implemented a crackdown on homosexuality in China that was continued by the Ming Dynasty. Historical discrimination towards homosexuality in much of the region include the ban on homosexual acts enforced by Genghis Khan banned in the Mongol Empire, which made homosexuality punishable by death. While egalitarian relationships have become more frequent in recent years, they remain rare. In addition, LGBT people also face extrajudicial executions from non-state actors such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. In Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen homosexual activity is punishable by death. Same-sex sexual activity is outlawed in at least twenty Asian countries. Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT) rights are complex in Asia, and acceptance of LGBT persons varies widely.
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